Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity: A Systematic Review of Rodent Studies
Abstract
CONTEXT: Obesity, a global epidemic, poses severe health risks and is driven by metabolic dysfunction and adipose tissue dysregulation. Understanding the role of white and brown adipose tissue in obesity is essential for identifying effective interventions.
OBJECTIVE: In this systematic review we investigated the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 FAs) on obesity-related metabolic dysfunction and the function of white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in rodent models.
DATA SOURCES: In this study, which was designed as a systematic review, searches were performed on the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest databases between September 15, 2024, and November 15, 2024, to identify peer-reviewed articles published between 2018 and 2024.
DATA EXTRACTION: Two researchers (M.S.G. and H.Y.) conducted the screening and selection of papers, while a single researcher (M.S.G.) extracted all relevant data from the eligible studies. Of the 729 studies obtained from the screening, 20 met the criteria and were included in the systematic review.
DATA ANALYSIS: Significant findings included the upregulation of key thermogenic and browning markers such as uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (Pgc1α), and the PR domain containing 16 (Prdm16), alongside reductions in fat mass and improved mitochondrial activity in WAT)and BAT. These effects are linked to mechanisms involving fatty acid…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a systematic review, done in animal, not in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.
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