The impact of the ketogenic diet on the health of patients with metabolic syndrome: a scoping review
Abstract
Introduction: The ketogenic diet, characterized by a very low carbohydrate intake and high fat consumption, has gained increasing attention as a potential strategy for managing metabolic syndrome.
Methods: This scoping review aimed to summarize current evidence regarding the effects of the ketogenic diet on metabolic and clinical outcomes in patients with metabolic syndrome. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library, following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Studies published between 2015 and 2025 in English were included.
Results: The findings suggest that the ketogenic diet may contribute to weight reduction, improved insulin sensitivity, and beneficial changes in lipid profile, as well as reduced inflammation and improved glycemic control. However, concerns remain regarding long-term safety, potential micronutrient deficiencies, and variability in individual responses.
Discussion: Overall, the ketogenic diet may represent a supportive therapeutic approach in metabolic syndrome, although further high-quality long-term studies are needed.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a systematic review, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid.
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