Effects of nutritional supplementation combined with exercise on BMI and lipid profiles in individuals with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Background: This study systematically evaluated the effects of nutritional supplementation combined with exercise on BMI and lipid profiles in individuals with overweight or obesity.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases from their inception to January 10, 2026, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing "nutritional supplementation combined with exercise" with "placebo." The primary outcome measure was BMI; secondary outcomes included total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Weight-adjusted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Data analysis was performed using Stata 15. Study reporting followed the PRISMA statement, and the risk of bias of included randomized controlled trials was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool.
Results: Twelve RCTs involving 315 participants (161 in the intervention group and 154 in the control group) were included. Compared with placebo/control conditions, combined exercise and supplement-based interventions significantly reduced BMI (WMD = -1.72, 95% CI: -2.61 to -0.83; I 2 = 68.7%) and LDL-C (WMD = -15.20, 95% CI: -17.12 to -13.27; I 2 = 0%), increased HDL-C (WMD = 5.74, 95% CI: 3.66-7.83; I 2 = 84.7%), and reduced TG (WMD = -16.54, 95% CI: -25.11 to -7.97; I 2 = 83.1%) and TC (WMD = -15.30,…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 315 participants or records.
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