Effects of Animal-Based Foods on Metabolic Outcomes in Adults with MASLD and Comorbidities: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials (2020-2026)
Abstract
Background: Metabolically dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a growing public health challenge linked to obesity and metabolic dysregulation. Since pharmacological options are limited, Mediterranean (MED) and DASH patterns are recommended. These diets include animal-derived foods, providing essential nutrients but also potential saturated fats.
Objective: This updated systematic review aims to evaluate evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the effects of specific animal-based foods on metabolic, hepatic, and anthropometric outcomes in adults with MASLD.
Methods: A systematic search of nine databases (including PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) and trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov) was conducted for RCTs published between January 2020 and 31 March 2026. Participants were adults (18-65 years) with MASLD. Interventions included animal-derived foods typical of MED/DASH. Outcomes focused on hepatic function, lipid profiles, glycemic control, and anthropometry. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool.
Results: A total of seven RCTs demonstrated food-specific and heterogeneous effects. Freshwater fish and vitamin D-fortified probiotic yogurt showed consistent benefits for glycemic control and lipid profiles. Fish oil and omega-3 supplementation led to modest improvements in lipids and hepatic markers. Ghee intake was linked with improved total cholesterol and liver enzyme (ALP). Red meat demonstrated heterogeneous effects…
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