Effects of daily multivitamin-multimineral supplementation on metabolomic profiles: 2-year findings from the COSMOS randomized clinical trial
Abstract
Despite widespread use in the USA, little is known about the impact of multivitamin-multimineral (MVM) supplementation on metabolomic profiles and how this may translate to biological aging and long-term risk of age-related chronic diseases. The COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS) is a 2 × 2 factorial, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial testing daily MVM (Centrum Silver®) in US older adults. In 399 participants with metabolomics profiles quantified using the Nightingale Health nuclear magnetic resonance platform at baseline, year 1, and year 2 (70.3 ± 5.7 years; 50.1% female), we evaluate the effects of MVM versus placebo on 168 metabolites, 7 metabolomics clocks of biological aging, and 24 metabolomic risk scores (MRS) for chronic diseases. Compared with placebo, 2-year daily MVM supplementation increased the concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (Cohen's d for between-group differences in changes from baseline to 2 years, 0.212 [95% CI, 0.02 to 0.404]) and omega-3 fatty acids (0.193 [0.003 to 0.382]) as well as delayed the increase in concentrations of creatinine (-0.222 [-0.424 to -0.019]). MVM also reduced MRS for 16 chronic diseases, including major cardiovascular events, renal disease, all-cause dementia, asthma, cataracts, glaucoma, liver disease, non-melanoma skin cancer, and prostate cancer (Cohen's d range, -0.206 to -0.277). However, all these effects were only significant at nominal levels, not after…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a randomized trial, done in people. Its evidence level is 2 of 5 (High · randomized trial). Randomized trials of a reasonable size are the strongest single-study design. Reported size: 399 participants or records.
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