Evaluation of Serum Antioxidant Activity in Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes: Links with Nutritional and Anthropometric Factors-Preliminary Studies
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and prediabetes are growing public health problems worldwide. Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Metformin is an antidiabetic drug that significantly affects the oxidative-antioxidant balance. This study aimed to compare serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in individuals with T2DM, prediabetes, and healthy controls, and to assess the impact of dietary factors and metformin treatment on antioxidant parameters.
Methods: The study involved 49 adults (aged 40-70 years) assigned to three groups: those with T2DM (n = 19), those with prediabetes (n = 12), and healthy controls (n = 18). Serum TAC was assessed using three spectrophotometric assays: DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP. A nutritional assessment was performed based on a three-day dietary recall, analysed using DietetykPro software. Statistical analyses included Kruskal-Wallis tests with post hoc corrections and Spearman correlation.
Results: The prediabetes group demonstrated the lowest TAC values across all tests, while individuals with T2DM demonstrated higher levels using the ABTS and FRAP tests, which may reflect group-specific factors such as treatment or metabolic regulation. The differences between groups showed moderate to large effect sizes, including η2 = 0.24 for ABTS, η2 = 0.14 for DPPH and η2 = 0.13 for FRAP, indicating biologically meaningful alterations in antioxidant capacity. Negative correlations were…
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