Association between dietary inflammatory potential and cognitive performance in children
Abstract
PURPOSE: Diet-related inflammation has been implicated in neurodevelopmental processes, yet evidence linking dietary inflammatory potential to objectively measured cognitive performance in children remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary inflammatory potential and cognitive performance—specifically attention, processing speed, executive function, and cognitive flexibility—in school-aged children. METHODS: A total of 100 community-dwelling children aged 6–11 years were included in this cross-sectional study. Dietary intake data were collected using three-day food records, from which nutrient intakes were analyzed to calculate the Children’s dietary inflammatory index (C-DII) scores. Based on the C-DII scores, participants were categorized into quartiles. Cognitive performance was evaluated using the Children’s color trails test (CCTT), comprising two cognitive domains: CCTT-1 (attention and processing speed) and CCTT-2 (executive function and cognitive flexibility). Associations between C-DII and cognitive outcomes were examined using generalized estimating equation models and ordinary least squares regression models. RESULTS: Higher C-DII scores were associated with distinct dietary intake patterns, despite no significant differences in overall dietary quality scores across quartiles. After adjustment for confounding factors, intakes of fruits, fish and shellfish, eggs, legumes, and oils showed significant decreasing trends across…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause.
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