Efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal therapy in periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids (n3-FA) supplementation as adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with periodontitis.
Methods: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating n3-FA supplementation as a single adjunct therapy for SRP was conducted through a comprehensive search in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EBSCO. The Cochrane RoB2 tool was used as a tool for evaluating risk of bias. The outcomes of probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were analyzed using a random-effects model meta-analysis and reported as mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. RevMan 5.4 software was used for all statistical analysis.
Results: Nine RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with SRP alone, adjunctive n3-FA supplementation showed a greater reduction in PPD (MD = -0.66; 95% CI: -1.03, -0.30; p = 0.0003; I2 = 91%) and gain in CAL (MD = -0.69; 95% CI: -1.06, -0.32; p = 0.0002; I2 = 88%). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses yielded consistent effect directions, although the overall certainty of evidence was rated as low.
Conclusion: Adjunctive n3-FA supplementation as a host modulation therapy may provide additional benefits when combined with SRP in patients with periodontitis. However, given the substantial heterogeneity and low level of evidence, these findings should be…
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