Cardiovascular Risk Factors Accelerate Kidney Function Decline in Post−Myocardial Infarction Patients: The Alpha Omega Cohort Study
Abstract
Introduction Impaired kidney function is a robust risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Age-related annual kidney function decline of 1.0 ml/min per 1.73 m2 after age 40 years is doubled in post−myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Methods We investigated the impact of the number of cardiovascular risk factors (including unhealthy lifestyle) on annual kidney function decline, in 2426 post-MI patients (60−80 years) of the prospective Alpha Omega Cohort study. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated by serum cystatin C (eGFRcysC) and combined creatinine−cystatin C (eGFRcr-cysC), using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations from 2012. Data were analyzed by multivariable linear and logistic regression. Results At baseline, mean (SD) eGFRcysC and eGFRcr-cysC were 81.5 (19.6) and 78.5 (18.7) ml/min per 1.73 m2, respectively. Of all patients, 79% were men, 19% had diabetes, 56% had high blood pressure (≥140/90 mm Hg), 16% were current smokers, 56% had high serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL of ≥2.5 mmol/l), and 23% were obese (body mass index of ≥30.0 kg/m2). After multivariable adjustment, the additional annual eGFRcysC decline (95% confidence interval) was as follows: in patients with versus without diabetes, −0.90 (−1.23 to −0.57) ml/min per 1.73 m2; in patients with high versus normal blood pressure, −0.50 (−0.76 to −0.24) ml/min per 1.73 m2; in obese versus nonobese patients, −0.31 (−0.61 to 0.01) ml/min per 1.73 m2; and in current…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a cohort study, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence.
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