Dietary Intakes of Omega-3, Omega-6 and Fiber and Risk of Rectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study
Abstract
Background Rectal cancer (RC) is one of the most commonly occurring cancers in Iran in recent years. Dietary intakes of Omega-3 (ω-3), Omega-6 (ω-6), and fiber have been thought to diminish the risk of RC. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the association of dietary ω-3, ω-6, and fiber with the risk of RC. Methods In this case-control study, dietary intakes of ω-3 and ω-6 were estimated using a 148-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) between 363 people (162 cases, 201 control) aged 20–80 years old. Cases were patients with RC, and controls were healthy people. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were assessed using logistic regression models. Results According to the multiple logistic regression model with the backward method, dietary fiber intake was inversely associated with RC as a protective factor (OR=0.3; 95%CI= 0.1-0.9; P=0.038). Also, it was observed that dietary ω-3 had an inverse borderline association with RC (OR= 0.5; 95%CI= 0.3-1.02; P=0.060), after adjusting for other studied variables. However, the association of ω-6 with RC was not statistically significant (OR=1.1; 95%CI= 0.7-1.8; P=0.730). Conclusion Although no association between ω-3 and ω-6 intake was observed with the risk of RC, adequate daily intake of dietary fiber may protect us against RC risk.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a case-control, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 363 participants or records.
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