Omega-3 fatty acid supplement use among saudi adults: prevalence, independent associations, and knowledge assessment - a cross-sectional survey
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) are essential polyunsaturated fatty acids with well-documented cardiovascular, cognitive, and anti-inflammatory benefits. Although global consumption of supplements is rising rapidly, the sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of n-3 FA supplement uptake in Saudi Arabia remain incompletely characterized. This study aimed to: (i) estimate the prevalence and patterns of n-3 FA supplement ever-use across Saudi adult demographic strata; (ii) identify barriers among non-users and conditions facilitating future uptake; (iii) assess knowledge and attitudes toward n-3 FA supplements among ever-users; and (iv) determine independent associations with supplement use.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and March 2025. A bilingual (Arabic/English) self-administered online questionnaire adapted from a previously validated instrument (see Additional file 2) was distributed via social media and community networks to 321 adults (≥ 20 years) across all five Saudi geographic regions. A 10-item knowledge and attitudes scale demonstrated good validity (item-total r = 0.516-0.872; all p ≤ 0.003) and reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.84). Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests with Cramér's V effect sizes, and binary logistic regression were used for analysis.
RESULTS: The prevalence of n-3 FA supplement ever-use was 39.3% (126/321). Age, education, employment, settlement type, marital status, smoking status, physical…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 321 participants or records.
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