Optimized green zinc oxide/chitosan/amoxicillin nanocomposite against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa poses a significant global health threat, highlighting the need for innovative antimicrobial strategies. This study presents the successful synthesis, optimization, and characterization of a novel zinc oxide/chitosan/amoxicillin (ZnO/CS/AMX) nanocomposite aimed at combating P. aeruginosa infections, including the ability to form biofilms. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the production of ZnO NPs using cell-free metabolites of P. aeruginosa. The optimal parameters for biosynthesis of ZnO NPs require a mixing ratio of 1:4 v/v% between the cell-free bacterial metabolites and 30 mM Zn precursor (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O) at pH 7.0 and 30 °C. The nanocomposite was synthesized by encapsulating amoxicillin (AMX) within chitosan-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). Its properties were confirmed through various characterization techniques including UV-Vis spectroscopy (340 to 380 nm), XRD (101 plane, an average crystallite size = 59 nm), FTIR (Zn-O and proteins stretching vibrations), TEM (spherical to quasi-spherical in shape with size range = 36-98 nm), and zeta potential analyses (+ 35 ± 2.3 mV). The maximum drug loading of AMX in the ZnO/CS/AMX nanocomposite was found to be 55.7%. The antimicrobial effectiveness was thoroughly assessed against various clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, all of which showed natural resistance to chitosan (CS) and AMX individually, as well as the…
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