Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake is related to a protective high-density lipoprotein subspecies profile independent of genetic effects: a monozygotic twin pair study
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Studies on diet and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subspecies distribution are limited.
OBJECTIVE: We examined the relationship between macronutrient composition and lipoprotein particle size and HDL subspecies independent of genetic effects by studying monozygotic (MZ) twins.
METHODS: 24 healthy MZ twin pairs aged 23-33 years were identified from two longitudinal population-based studies, FinnTwin16 and FinnTwin12. Total energy and nutrient intake were assessed with 3-day food records and physical activity was measured by the Baecke index. HDL subspecies distribution was determined by non-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Associations between diet composition and HDL mean particle size were determined by multivariate nutrient density models adjusted for confounding variables.
RESULTS: Substituting one energy percentage from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) for a corresponding amount of energy from other type of fats was related to changes in the relative proportions of the HDL subspecies 2b, 3a and 3b toward a larger mean particle size in men (β ± SE: 1.00 ± 0.26 nm, p = 0.004) and women (β ± SE: 0.90 ± 0.21 nm, p = 0.001). This association remained significant in analyses controlling for genetic and shared environmental influences using within-pair differences of the measures in MZ twin pairs (β ± SE: 0.37 ± 0.14 nm, p = 0.019). Twins with the higher n-3 PUFA intake had significantly higher proportions of large HDL(2b) particles and lower…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause.
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