Antibacterial potential, DNA binding and molecular docking investigations of newly green synthesized zinc oxide/chitosan/vancomycin nanocomposite using Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 4527 against some drug-resistant bacteria
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The increasing crisis of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria requires the creation of new, highly effective, and safe antibacterial agents. This study introduces a simple and cost-effective green synthesis method for a novel zinc oxide/chitosan/vancomycin (ZnO/CS/VA) nanocomposite to improve antibacterial activity against priority MDR strains. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were biosynthesized using Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 4527 and then combined with vancomycin (VA) and chitosan (CS) in an environmentally friendly process. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and zeta potential studies were conducted to validate and characterize the production of ZnO/CS/VA. The antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was tested against several multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, including Bacillus cereus HES3, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli D8, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae H4. Further assessment included molecular docking interactions with E. coli (PDB: 3T88) and MRSA (PDB: 4DKI) targets, CT-DNA binding, and cytotoxicity testing on the Vero cell line. Characterization confirmed the successful formation of the nanocomposite, revealing ZnO nanoparticles ranging from 33.24 to 69.11 nm and high stability (zeta potential: -17.78 mV). The ZnO/CS/VA nanocomposite exhibited superior dose-dependent antibacterial…
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