Balloon Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration of Bleeding Stomal Varices Using Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate Foam: A Case Report
Abstract
Stomal varices can develop secondary to portal hypertension in patients with a stoma. The bleeding is often recurrent and may be fatal with mortality rates of 3–4% (1). Treatment options include 1) direct pressure or ligation (1), 2) direct percutaneous embolization of the feeding portal branch using a coil or of the varix using glue (2, 3), 3) systemic therapy with vasoactive drugs (4), 4) surgical management (1, 5), 5) transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) or balloon occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) (6, 7). We present a patient with recurrent bleeding from a stomal varix that was controlled with BRTO using sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) (Omega Laboratories Ltd., Quebec, ONT, Canada) foam.
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Evidence Hub reads this as a case report, done in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.
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