Combination of quercetin and Pangasius hypophthalmus offal oil extract in SNEDDS formulation as antihypercholesterolemia: Optimization, in vitro, and in vivo
Abstract
Quercetin contains antioxidant compounds that are proven to reduce the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The challenges of poor solubility and bioavailability demand the modification of quercetin in the form of Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS). This study aims to develop a SNEDDS formulation of quercetin compound with a combination of Pangasius hypophthalmus offal fat extract oil as a hypercholesterolemia drug using the Box-Behnken Design. Dry rendering extraction of Pangasius hypophthalmus fish offal fat produced pure fish oil with GC-FID results containing omega 3 (1.33%), omega 6 (1.48%), and omega 9 (8.20%). SNEDDS was developed using the Box-Behnken Design method with variations of 85% tween 80, 10% propylene glycol, and 5% Pangasius hypophthalmus oil. The optimum formula was determined based on droplet size, emulsification time, and % transmittance parameters using Stat-Ease® 360 Design Expert software. The optimum formulation exhibited a droplet size of 22.6 ± 0.11 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.641 ± 0.02 and a zeta potential value of -11.6 ± 0.51 mV. In vitro testing showed quercetin SNEDDS could quickly form spontaneous nanoemulsions when in contact with water compared to quercetin not in the form of SNEDDS, with a Q30 obtained of 91.2889%. The depiction of the drug release profile at 30 minutes can also be referred to as the Q30. The SNEDDS dissolution profile has requirements, namely that it…
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