Comparative Efficacy of Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates Causing Otitis Media in Children in Diyala, Iraq
Abstract
Background: Otitis media is one of the most frequent infections during childhoodin klebsiella pneumonia isolates causing Otitis Media, especially in relation to recurrent and complicated cases of otitis media.
Methods: Baqubah Teaching Hospital, Al-Batool Teaching Hospital, and Al-Khalis General Hospital in the Diyala Governorate of Iraq were selected as the study sites for a prospective cross-sectional study conducted d between September 2024 and January 2026. Middle ear samples were collected, and after standard microbiologic methods, and K. pneumoniae was identified using the VITEK-2 system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for ceftriaxone and cefotaxime was performed using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and E-test methods were employed, in accordance with CLSI 2025. ESBL production was detected with modification of the combination disk method.
Results: Positive cultures were found in 82.8% (265 of 320) of children. K. pneumoniae was found in 78 of these isolates (29.4% of positive cultures, 24.4% of all samples) with a mean age of 4.2 ± 2.8 years. 71.8% were under 5 years of age. 59 (75.6%) were confirmed ESBL producers. Among the resistant isolates, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime showed MIC₅₀/MIC₉₀ values, with cefotaxime having a statistically significantly lower MIC (p = 0.009). In the checkerboard synergy assay, 80.8% (63 of 78) of isolates showed synergy (FICI ≤ 0.5) with cefotaxime and avibactam in contrast to 38.5% with ceftriaxone and tazobactam (p < 0.001).…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause.
Read the paper
Related studies
- Penicillins for Treatment of Pneumococcal Pneumonia: Does In Vitro Resistance Really Matter?
- Thiophenes—Naturally Occurring Plant Metabolites: Biological Activities and In Silico Evaluation of Their Potential as Cathepsin D Inhibitors
- Inhalable Mannosylated Rifampicin–Curcumin Co-Loaded Nanomicelles with Enhanced In Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy for an Optimized Pulmonary Tuberculosis Therapy
- Development and validation of microbial bioassay for quantification of Levofloxacin in pharmaceutical preparations
- GC-MS Analysis and Biomedical Therapy of Oil from n-Hexane Fraction of Scutellaria edelbergii Rech. f.: In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Approach
- Propranolol, chlorpromazine and diclofenac restore susceptibility of extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-Acinetobacter baumannii to fluoroquinolones
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.