Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among US Black Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Abstract
Importance
As stated in the DSM-5, it is generally reported that the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is lower among Black individuals compared with the general population. However, Black individuals living in countries where they are considered a minority population group (eg, in Northern America and Europe) are underrepresented in studies evaluating ADHD.
Objective
To estimate the pooled prevalence of ADHD and identify associated risk factors among US Black individuals.
Data Sources
This systematic review and meta-analysis identified peer-reviewed studies published until October 18, 2019, using the APA PsycInfo, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, ERIC, and Education Source databases.
Study Selection
Eligible trials were published in French or English, had empirical data on the prevalence of ADHD in samples or subsamples of Black people, and were conducted in countries with Black minority populations. All studies were assessed and passed quality evaluation.
Data Extraction and Synthesis
The PRISMA guideline was used for extracting and reporting data. Random-effects meta-analyses were generated to estimate the prevalence of ADHD among Black individuals using the metafor package in R.
Main Outcomes and Measures
Prevalence and risk factors associated with ADHD among Black individuals were identified.
Results
A total of 24 independent samples and subsamples from 21 studies published between 1979 and 2020 (154 818 Black participants) were…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 154 participants or records.
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