Insights into the bioremediation potential of native Bacillus isolates and their consortia against Iron, Cadmium and Chromium at pH 5.0
Abstract
Due to high Sulphur content of coals in Meghalaya, India, coal mining in this region generates huge amount of acidic waste characterized by low pH and leaching of toxic heavy metals which is a major environmental problem. This study involves isolating native Bacillus species from samples of active and abandoned Rat-hole coal mines in order to mitigate these phenomena. These species were then evaluated for significant bioremediation potential in the form of heavy metal binding and adsorption, as well as raising acidic pH to pH 8.0 (basic) under in vitro conditions. Sixteen (16) isolates were initially screened to develop the microbial consortia and five isolates (05) were finally selected for this study (sites specific) based on highest heavy metal resistance, and the ability to reverse or increase acidic pH. The isolates demonstrated resistance to the heavy metals under investigation (iron, cadmium, and chromium) with minimum bactericidal concentrations ranging from 1600 mg/L to 2000 mg/L of Fe, 128 mg/L to 1024 mg/L of Cd, and 64 mg/L to 256 mg/L of Cr. The lowest acidic pH the isolates could grow in in vitro conditions was pH 5.0, at 37 °C, 150 rpm shaking with or without metal. On average, Bacillus sp. KH5M11 and Bacillus sp. KHCL13 have the better binding and removal percentage (%) of iron (99.89 ± 0.066 and 99.87 ± 0.098) respectively. Lysinibacillus sp. SK18-4 have better removal percentage (%) of Chromium (79.903 ± 17.702), followed by Bacillus sp. KHCL13 (76.14 ±…
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