Animal models in the study of myocardial ischaemia and ischaemic syndromes
Abstract
Time for primary review 29 days. Although myocardial ischaemia has been one of the most extensively studied topics in cardiovascular research, its definition is still debated [1]. In the strictest sense ‘ischaemia’ derived from the Greek words, ischõ (to restrain) and haima (blood), means insufficient blood, and if we would adhere to this definition, all animal models which lack blood (e.g. isolated heart models) should by definition be termed ‘ischaemic'. Most investigators prefer to define ischaemia as an imbalance between the amount of oxygen and substrates supplied to the heart and the amount needed to perform normal function [1, 2]. The rationale behind this definition is that the myocardium strongly depends on oxygen to sustain adequate oxidative phosphorylation, the only metabolic process that is capable of providing sufficient high energy phosphates to maintain normal myocardial contraction. When oxygen supply to the heart becomes impaired there will be inadequate production of high energy phosphates with a resultant decline in myocardial contractility. When this condition develops, the myocardium starts to produce some, but not sufficient, high energy phosphates by anaerobic glycolysis, and lactate which is the end-product of this process starts to accumulate in the myocardium. Myocardial ischaemia is thus viewed as a condition in which an imbalance exists between oxygen-supply and oxygen-demand, leading to anaerobic metabolism and reduced contractile function.…
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