Screening and tuberculosis preventive treatment among household contacts of drug-resistant tuberculosis patients: a scoping review
Abstract
Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is associated with low treatment success rates and increased mortality. Household contacts (HHCs) face an elevated risk of infection and disease progression due to prolonged exposure. Consequently, systematic screening and tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) are critical to interrupt transmission within households. However, screening practices and TPT regimens vary substantially across countries and settings worldwide, and the available evidence remains fragmented. This study aims to synthesize evidence on screening strategies and TPT regimens for HHCs of patients with DR-TB, identify implementation barriers and research gaps, and inform future contact management approaches.
Methods: We systematically searched nine databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Each database was searched from inception to November 13, 2025. Eligible studies included observational studies (including cohort and cross-sectional studies), implementation studies, and randomized controlled trials reporting on screening approaches or TPT strategies among HHCs of patients with DR-TB. Data extraction was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodological framework for scoping reviews, and reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Two reviewers independently extracted data using a standardized form, including study…
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