Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of Acinetobacter phage RM_A1 against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii with no cytotoxicity to human skin cells
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The rise in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has rendered common first- and last-line antibiotics ineffective, posing a serious threat to human health. Additionally, the global rise of wound infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii indicates that the “post-antibiotic” era has begun. Consequently, alternative antimicrobial therapies are urgently required, and the reuse of phages is a promising choice. METHODS: Twenty-six strains of A. baumannii were isolated from wound-infected patients, identified by the Vitek 2 automated system, and confirmed by 16 S rDNA sequencing. The strains’ susceptibility to antibiotics and their ability to develop biofilms were then studied. Acinetobacter phage RM_A1 was isolated and characterized, and its lytic activity against A. baumannii was tested in vitro via time-killing curve and antibiofilm formation assays. The phage’s stability was also tested under various conditions. Genomic analysis was performed to characterize the phage and its virulence. Finally, the phage was assessed as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent against carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii in vitro by using human skin cells. RESULTS: The clinical strains of A. baumannii were found to be resistant to the carbapenem antibiotics, exhibiting high MAR index values and a strong ability to form biofilm. The isolated RM-A1 phage had a myoviral morphology and a 43,994 bp double-stranded DNA genome encoding 84 open reading frames (ORFs), with no…
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