Concurrent Manifestations of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Nephrotic Syndrome in a Child with Unilateral Renal Hypo-dysplasia: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Abstract
Simultaneous occurrence of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (NS) and Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) in children is rare.
A 21-month-old boy presented with generalized swelling with hypertension, with no significant illness in the past. Mother had type 1 DM from 11 years of age.
Investigations revealed nephrotic range proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia along with raised blood sugar levels without ketoacidosis. Raised HbA1C and positive anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase confirmed type 1 DM. Ultrasonography detected a unilateral renal hypo-dysplastic kidney, which was non-functional on nuclear scan; vesico-ureteral reflux being ruled out by micturating cysto-urethrography. A therapeutic trial of steroids resulted in remission of proteinuria, insulin being titrated for glycemic control. Genetic analysis was negative and child remained relapse-free till last follow-up at one year.
Nephrotic syndrome and DM may present concurrently. In the absence of genetic abnormality, and the presence of response to steroids, diabetic nephropathy as well as secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis are possibly ruled out.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a case report, done in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.
Read the paper
Related studies
- Improving the translation of search strategies using the Polyglot Search Translator: a randomized controlled trial
- Nutritional, Physical, Cognitive, and Combination Interventions and Frailty Reversal Among Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity in patients with haematological malignancies in Italy: a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study
- A randomized, controlled trial of oral propranolol in infantile hemangioma
- Clinical phenotypes of delirium during critical illness and severity of subsequent long-term cognitive impairment: a prospective cohort study
- Increased physical activity improves sleep and mood outcomes in inactive people with insomnia: a randomized controlled trial
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.