Generalized Tetanus in an Unvaccinated Adolescent: A Case Report on Successful Management in a Resource-Limited Setting
Abstract
Background Tetanus is a life-threatening neurological disease caused by Clostridium tetani. Among its clinical forms, cephalic tetanus is the rarest, representing only 1–3% of cases. It is typically characterized by cranial nerve involvement, rapid progression to generalized tetanus, and a high risk of mortality. Case Presentation We describe the case of a 17-year-old male with no prior tetanus vaccination who presented with trismus, painful muscle spasms, and opisthotonos following a traumatic head injury. Laboratory findings showed leukocytosis, electrolyte disturbances, and raised inflammatory markers. Management included urgent wound debridement, administration Antibiotics and tetanus immunoglobulin. Intensive sedation was required to control recurrent spasms. Due to respiratory compromise, the patient was intubated and subsequently underwent tracheostomy. After an extended stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), gradual weaning from both sedation and mechanical ventilation was achieved. He was ultimately discharged in stable condition with full neurological recovery. Discussion This case illustrates the aggressive course of Generalized tetanus and highlights the critical importance of early airway protection. Tracheostomy proved essential in reducing morbidity and facilitating prolonged ventilatory support. Despite limited resources, coordinated multidisciplinary ICU care, including physiotherapy, contributed significantly to the patient’s favorable outcome. Conclusion…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a case report, done in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.
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