Renoprotective effects of combination therapy with tolvaptan and dapagliflozin in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a four-case series
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the most prevalent inherited kidney disorder, progresses inexorably to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) with the vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist tolvaptan serving as a primary treatment option since 2014. While dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, was approved for treating chronic kidney disease in August 2021, its renoprotective effects in ADPKD remain uncertain due to potential vasopressin stimulation. We evaluated four Japanese ADPKD patients receiving combination therapy with tolvaptan and dapagliflozin for over two years. A 74-year-old woman (Mayo Class 1D, CKD stage 4) showed improved estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline from − 1.39 to − 0.66 mL/min/1.73 m2/year. A 62-year-old woman (Mayo Class 1B, CKD stage 3b) demonstrated eGFR decline improvement from − 1.02 to − 0.66 mL/min/1.73 m2/year. A 39-year-old man (Mayo Class 1C, CKD stage 3a) exhibited significant improvement from − 5.00 to − 1.35 mL/min/1.73 m2/year. A 45-year-old woman (Mayo Class 1D, CKD stage 3b) showed marked improvement from − 14.12 to − 0.22 mL/min/1.73 m2/year. While eGFR decline decelerated in the control group, the combination therapy group showed more pronounced improvements. Height-adjusted total kidney volume (htTKV) in the group combination therapy showed variable responses: two patients experienced volume increases (+ 4.03%, + 3.65%/year), while two showed decreases (− 0.45%, − 3.65%/year).…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a case series, done in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.
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