Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: A Case Report and Differential Diagnoses
Abstract
Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a neurodegenerative disorder of unknown origin that leads to rapidly progressive dementia and is considered rare. It is uniformly fatal, with most patients passing away within a year. Patients with this disease may experience myoclonus, visual disturbances, and impairments in cognitive and functional abilities, as well as cerebellar and pyramidal/extrapyramidal signs1. However, these symptoms are nonspecific, making it challenging to diagnose the disease during the patient’s lifetime due to low awareness and clinical suspicion. The application of diffusion-weighted MR imaging can aid in the timely diagnosis and monitoring of the advancement of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. On diffusion-weighted images, the appearance of ribbon-like areas of hyperintensity in the cerebral cortex corresponds to the Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. We present a case report of a 70-year-old man who presented with symptoms of rapidly progressive anxiety and dementia that had been ongoing for 8 weeks. After undergoing a series of comprehensive diagnostic tests and continuous monitoring, the patient was diagnosed with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease based on the 2017 Euro-CJD criteria. The key clinical findings in the case were rapidly progressive dementia, blurry vision, extrapyramidal signs such as cogwheel rigidity, deteriorating health, and abnormal hyperintensity signals observed on diffusion-weighted MRI.
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Evidence Hub reads this as a case report, done in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.
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