Overall, Plant-based, or Animal-based Low Carbohydrate Diets and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
In this study, we sought to summarize the associations between overall, plant-, and animal-based low carbohydrate diet (LCD) scores and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality from prospective cohort studies.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to January 2022. We included prospective cohort studies that investigated the relationship between LCD-score and risk of overall, CVD, or cancer mortality. Two investigators assessed the studies for eligibility and extracted the data. Summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random-effects model.
RESULTS
Ten studies, with 421022 participants, were included in the analysis. In the high-versus-low meta-analysis, overall (HR:1.05,95%CI:0.97, 1.13, I2=72.0%) and animal-based LCD-scores (HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.97 to 1.21; I2= 88.0%) were not associated with all-cause mortality, but plant-based LCD-score was associated with a risk reduction (HR:0.87, 95%CI:0.78,0.97; I2= 88.4%). CVD mortality was not associated with overall, plant-, or animal-based LCD-scores. Overall (HR:1.14, 95%CI:1.05,1.24; I2= 37.4%) and animal-based LCD scores (HR:1.16,95%CI:1.02,1.31; I2= 73.7%) were associated with a higher risk of cancer mortality, while plant-based LCD-score was not. A U-shaped relationship was revealed between overall LCD-score and all-cause and CVD mortality. The shape of relationship between LCD and cancer mortality was a linear…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 421,022 participants or records.
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