A comprehensive review of clinical advances in the antifibrotic role of micro-RNA in pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis
Abstract
Background: Pneumonia is a common respiratory infection affecting millions of people worldwide and often leads to serious complications such as pulmonary fibrosis – a progressive disorder recognized by persistent scarring, alveolar thickening, impaired gas exchange, and reduced lung capacity. The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis remains complex and poorly understood. A hallmark feature is the buildup of extracellular matrix disrupting the normal architecture and function of the lung parenchyma, ultimately causing irreversible lung damage. At present, there is no known remedy for pulmonary fibrosis, and the existing treatments are often limited in efficacy and associated with adverse effects. This underscores the urgent need to identify novel molecular targets and therapeutic approaches for this debilitating condition. Aim: This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the pharmacotherapeutic potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) in reducing fibrosis associated with pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis. It highlights the signaling mechanisms through which miRNAs regulate gene expression, as well as their role in maintaining lung development and homeostasis. The review also identifies the specific miRNAs with antifibrotic effects as demonstrated in experimental models and clinical settings. Finally, it discusses the key challenges in developing miRNA-based therapies, including delivery strategies and off-target effects. Methods: The study entailed a thorough literature…
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