Efficacy and safety of fruquintinib combined with PD-1 inhibitors in the treatment of refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Fruquintinib, a VEGFR1-3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is approved for treating refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Recent clinical practice has shown that combining fruquintinib with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors can achieve better efficacy.The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of combining PD-1inhibitors with fruquintinib.
METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang, and CNKI up to 28 August 2024 for studies comparing fruquintinib combined with PD-1 inhibitors to fruquintinib alone. RevMan software was used to perform meta-analyses of survival data for the included studies.
RESULTS: A total of 9 retrospective cohort studies and 1 randomized controlled trial were included, involving a total of 716 patients. Compared with the monotherapy group, the combination therapy group had a greater Overall Response Rate [RR = 2.45,95% CI (1.83, 3.56), p < 0.00001], Disease Control Rate [RR = 1.37,95% CI (1.64,4.79), p = 0.0002], and progression-free survival [HR = 0.64,95% CI (0.49, 0.84), p = 0.001]. However, there was no significant difference in overall survival between the two groups. The incidence of adverse effects was identical in both groups.
CONCLUSION: Fruquintinib combined with PD-1 inhibitors was more effective than fruquintinib alone in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer, with acceptable safety.
REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (registration number CRD42024583116).
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 716 participants or records.
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