Carbapenem resistance and susceptibility to Ceftazidima/avibactam and Ceftolozane/tazobactam in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacterales in a reference laboratory in Lima, Peru: A cross-sectional study
Abstract
Carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacterales is a growing threat, with intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms resulting in the need for new therapeutic options. In Peru, data on resistance patterns and the effectiveness of new antibiotic combinations are limited A descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted on P. aeruginosa and Enterobacterales clinical isolates collected from 2019 to 2024 at a reference laboratory in Lima, Peru, originating from various public and private healthcare centers. Bacterial identification was performed using VITEK MS MALDI-TOF, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing via VITEK 2 and/or Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion. Carbapenemase production was detected using colorimetric, immunochromatographic, and molecular methods, including the FilmArray® BCID panel for bloodstream infections. Microbiological and epidemiological variables were analyzed with Poisson regression models. A total of 173,308 isolates were analyzed, with E. coli (74%) and K. pneumoniae (10.6%) being most prevalent. Most samples (92%) were urinary. Meropenem resistance in P. aeruginosa reached 33% overall and 60% in respiratory specimens. K. pneumoniae showed 3.4% carbapenem resistance. Among carbapenem-resistant isolates, 43.7% were carbapenemase producers. Carbapenemase production was highest in carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (93.1%), E. coli (87.3%), and P. mirabilis (77.3%), but only 32.7% in P. aeruginosa. Among…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause.
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