Tegafur/uracil + calcium folinate in colorectal cancer: double modulation of fluorouracil
Abstract
The oral chemotherapeutic agent tegafur/uracil (UFT) is the first of a new class of anticancer drugs called dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase inhibitory fluoropyrimidines. Tegafur/uracil combines uracil with the fluorouracil prodrug tegafur in a 4:1 molar ratio. Uracil competitively inhibits the degradation of fluorouracil, which results in the concentration of fluorouracil remaining at sustained levels in both plasma and tumour. Tegafur/uracil has been commercially available in Japan since 1983 and examined extensively in various tumours. Trials conducted in the US have focused on the combination of tegafur/uracil plus calcium folinate (calcium leucovorin) [ORZEL]. Several phase I and II trials have evaluated the maximum tolerated dose, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of this combination in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Results have shown that tegafur/uracil at 300 mg/m2/day in divided doses given every 8 hours for 28 days provides prolonged exposure to fluorouracil. Furthermore, tegafur/uracil + calcium folinate is well tolerated, with dose-limiting toxicity manifesting as diarrhoea. Compared with intravenous fluorouracil plus folinic acid (leucovorin) regimens, tegafur/uracil + calcium folinate has similar efficacy with less toxicity and is more convenient because it is an oral regimen. Early studies have also shown potential cost savings because of fewer complications.
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