Efficacy of serum apelin and galectin‐3 as potential predictors of mortality in severe COVID‐19 patients
Abstract
Apelin is a cardioprotective biomarker while galectin‐3 is a pro‐inflammatory and profibrotic biomarker. Endothelial dysfunction, hyperinflammation, and pulmonary fibrosis are key mechanisms that contribute to the development of adverse outcomes in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection. This study aims to analyze the prognostic value of serum apelin and galectin‐3 levels to early predict patients at high risk of mortality in patients hospitalized for severe COVID‐19 pneumonia. The study included 78 severe COVID‐19 patients and 40 healthy controls. The COVID‐19 patients were divided into two groups, survivors and nonsurvivors, according to their in‐hospital mortality status. Basic demographic and clinical data of all patients were collected, and blood samples were taken before treatment. In our study, serum apelin levels were determined to be significantly lower in both nonsurvivor and survivor COVID‐19 patients compared to the control subjects (for both groups, p 0.05). Serum galectin‐3 levels were determined to be higher in a statistically significant way in nonsurvivors compared to survivors and controls (for both groups; p < 0.001). Additionally, serum galectin‐3 levels were significantly higher in the survivor patients compared to the control subjects (p < 0.001). Positive correlations were observed between galectin‐3 and age, ferritin, CK‐MB and NT‐proBNP variables (r = 0.32, p = 0.004; r = 0.24, p = 0.04; r = 0.24, p = 0.03; and r = 0.33, p = 0.003,…
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