Cargo molecules in plasma neural-derived extracellular vesicles reveal pathological signatures of primary open-angle glaucoma
Abstract
Background: Molecular biomarkers for glaucoma remain elusive. Neural-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) offer diagnostic potential for neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of this study was to isolate NDEVs from the peripheral blood of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and investigate molecular alterations.
Methods: NDEVs were immunoprecipitated using specific antibodies against L1CAM and GLAST and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and western blotting. ELISA was used to validate the enrichment of CNS markers and retina-specific proteins in the NDEV subtypes. The diagnostic efficacy of tau and GFAP in cell-free plasma, total EVs, and NDEVs for POAG was compared via ELISAs. MicroRNA (miRNA) sequencing was performed using NDEVs. A chronic ocular hypertension (COH) mouse model was established. The retinal expression of NDEV-derived differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRs) was verified by real-time PCR. Regulatory mechanisms were explored by integrating retinal mRNA sequencing with target gene prediction.
Results: Immunoelectron microscopic analysis confirmed that GLAST proteins were localized in the EV membrane. Tau and GFAP levels were significantly elevated in the NDEVs of patients with POAG but not in cell-free plasma or total EVs, indicating the superior diagnostic value of these parameters for POAG. The target genes of DE-miRs in L1CAM⁺ EVs were biased towards neuronal functions, whereas…
Read the paper
Related studies
- Ferulic acid regulates the AKT/GSK-3β/CRMP-2 signaling pathway in a middle cerebral artery occlusion animal model
- Novel Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Parameters Quantify the Exposure–Effect Relationship of Levofloxacin against Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli
- Photochemical behavior of levofloxacin
- Correlation Between Dissolution Profiles of Salt-Form Drugs in Biorelevant Bicarbonate Buffer and Oral Drug Absorption: Importance of Dose/ Fluid Volume Ratio
- Evaluation of the synergistic potential and mechanisms of action for de novo designed cationic antimicrobial peptides
- Synthesis of [11C]levofloxacin
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.