Risk factors and drug resistance of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in HIV/AIDS patients: a retrospective study in southern China
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The incidence and infection rate of Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) are increasing across different regions, with regional variations in the types, distribution, and drug resistance profiles. Our objective was to investigate the risk factors, distribution of predominant Mycobacteria species, and phenotypic drug resistance profiles in co-infected HIV/AIDS patients in southern China.
METHODS: Blood and sputum samples were collected from 2,985 HIV/AIDS patients without prior history of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in five designated hospitals in Guangxi, southern China from January 2019 to December 2020. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression models were used to explore the related risk factors of HIV/AIDS patients with NTM infection and those with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection, respectively. Interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) tests and CD4+ counts were performed on blood samples, Roche medium was used for sputum culture, and positive isolates underwent species identification and drug susceptibility testing.
RESULTS: Mycobacterium tuberculosis and NTM culture positivity rates were 1.2% (35/2985) and 2.2% (66/2985), respectively (χ 2 = 9.679, p = 0.002). Predominant NTM pathogens were Mycobacterium avium (28.8%, 19/66), Mycobacterium fortuitum (21.2%, 14/66), and Mycobacterium chelonae/abscessus complex (16.7%, 11/66). Multivariate analysis revealed cough (Adj. OR: 192.47, 95%CI: 15.71-2357.63, p < 0.001) and farming (Adj. OR: 20.92, 95%CI:…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a cohort study, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence.
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