Relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and changes of the lid margin, meibomian gland and tear film in dry eye patients: a cross-sectional study
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between type 2 diabetes and changes of the lid margin, meibomian glands and tear film in dry eye patients, to explore the possible pathological mechanism of the effect of type 2 diabetes on the ocular surface of dry eye disease. This cross-sectional study included 302 eyes of 151 patients. Participants were divided into two groups: dry eye disease with type 2 diabetes group (DED-DM group, n = 108) and dry eye disease without diabetes group (DED group, n = 194). All patients underwent morphological and physiological functional evaluation of the ocular surface and a blood glucose level test. Compared with the DED group, the DED-DM group had higher upper lid margin irregularity(P = 0.035), lid margin vascularity(P < 0.0001), plugging of gland orifices grade(P < 0.0001), lid margin thickening grade(upper, P < 0.001; lower, P = 0.002), upper meibomian gland dropout(P = 0.003) and ciliary hyperemia(P = 0.013), and shorter first non-invasive tear breakup time(NIBUT) (P = 0.011). Blood glucose level had a significant correlation with NIBUT(first, P = 0.006; average, P = 0.003), lid margin thickening grade(upper, P = 0.006; lower, P = 0.001), and lower lid margin irregularity (P = 0.016). In patients with type 2 diabetes and dry eye, lid margin abnormalities, orifice plugging and tear film instability was more severe than patients with dry eye only.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 194 participants or records.
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