Association between uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and chronic kidney disease in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
Abstract
Objectives To examine the association between uric acid (UA) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (UHR) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in China. Methods The investigation stems from a survey conducted in the eastern Chinese province of Zhejiang, spanning from March to November 2018. A multivariable logistic regression model was employed to assess the relationship between UHR and CKD, while restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to evaluate the dose–response relationship. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal UHR cut-off value and assess its diagnostic performance for CKD. Model performance was further evaluated using net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) metrics. Sensitivity analyses, including propensity score matching (PSM) and k-means clustering, were conducted to enhance the robustness of the findings. Subgroup analyses were performed across various demographic and clinical categories to examine the consistency of the UHR-CKD association. Results This cross-sectional study included 1,756 Chinese patients with T2DM, among whom 485 (27.62%) were identified with CKD. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between UHR and CKD. Per standard deviation (SD) increase in UHR was associated with a 40% higher odds of CKD (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.23–1.60) after…
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