Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Migraine in Adults with Reduced Vitamin D Levels in Yunnan, China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
Abstract Background For migraine patients residing in the low-latitude, high-altitude region of Yunnan, China, the current lack of data regarding vitamin D status and its impact on migraine characteristics has limited both research into vitamin D supplementation as a therapeutic approach and its clinical application. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of reduced serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in adult migraine patients in Yunnan Province and to explore its correlation with the clinical characteristics of migraine. Methods A total of 678 adult migraine patients who underwent serum 25(OH)D concentration testing at the outpatient clinic of the Department of Neurology, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, between January 1, 2023, and August 31, 2025, were consecutively enrolled. They were divided into three groups: deficient group ( 30 ng/mL). The differences in monthly headache attack frequency, monthly headache days, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, and Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) score were compared among the three groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the correlations. Results Among the 678 patients, the prevalence of reduced vitamin D was 64.31% (436/678), with 18.29% (124/678) classified as deficient and 46.02% (312/678) as insufficient. Additionally, body mass index (BMI) differed significantly among the three groups ( P P P = 0.057). Correlation analysis showed that serum 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 678 participants or records.
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