Hormonal treatments and migraine characteristics across reproductive stages and transition to menopause: A cross-sectional study
Abstract
Background and objectives: Hormonal treatments (HTs) are widely used among females for contraception and gynecological conditions, yet their impact on migraine phenotype remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to (1) describe HT use in a cohort of females with migraine, (2) assess migraine phenotypes across hormonal status and HT type, and (3) explore menstrual and climacteric symptoms in females with migraine HT users versus nonusers.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including females aged 18-60 years with migraine, diagnosed according to International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, criteria who attended a tertiary headache unit in Spain. In December 2024, participants were asked to complete a structured online survey on HT use (combined oral contraceptives, progestogen-only pills, and hormonal intrauterine devices; only considered if stable for ≥3 months), reproductive status (reproductive stage [RS] or menopause transition), and menstrual or climacteric symptoms. Data were cross-checked with medical records and phone interviews. Age- and size-matched analyses compared HT users and nonusers, and comparisons among HT types were also performed.
Results: A total of 623 females responded to the survey; 509 were included in the analysis (mean age 44.3 ± 9.2 years), including 86 (17%) current HT users. Overall, migraine phenotype and preventive treatment use were comparable between HT users and nonusers, with no statistically…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 109 participants or records.
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