Enhanced Zn-Co-Fe Layered Double Hydroxides for Effective Levofloxacin Removal: Innovation in Reuse of Waste Adsorbent
Abstract
Abstract Purpose Pharmaceutical waste, particularly antibiotics like levofloxacin, poses a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health due to its persistence and potential to induce antibiotic resistance. This study focuses on the development of Zn-Co-Fe layered double hydroxide (LDH) and its modified form, Cu-Cyanoguanidine-ZnCoFe/LDH, as efficient adsorbents for levofloxacin removal from wastewater. The objective is to provide a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment and antimicrobial resistance management. Methods The catalysts were synthesized via co-precipitation and characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, PZC and BET analyses. Adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of pH, adsorbent dose, and contact time, while kinetic and isotherm models were employed to elucidate the adsorption mechanisms. Results Cu-Cyanoguanidine-ZnCoFe/LDH achieved 90% levofloxacin removal efficiency at pH 9, driven by electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and π-π stacking. The point of zero charge (PZC) for the adsorbents was determined to be 7.00. The adsorption process followed a mixed 1st and 2nd order kinetic model, with rate constants of k1 = 473.39 min⁻1 and k2 = 3310.39 g/mg·min, indicating both physical and chemical adsorption mechanisms. The Langmuir isotherm model revealed a maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of 390 mg/g for the modified LDH. Statistical analysis confirmed the significance of the results (p < 0.05). Notably, the…
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