The global prevalence of headache disorders of public-health importance: a meta-analysis of population-based individual participant data from 41,614 adults from 17 countries
Abstract
Background: Recent studies indicate that migraine affects 14-15% of the global population, tension-type headache (TTH) around 26%, and medication-overuse headache (MOH) 1-2%. While these estimates highlight the impact of these conditions on population health, their reliability is compromised by the variable quality of contributing studies. In response, the Global Campaign against Headache has supported epidemiological studies in all parts of the world, using standardized methods.
Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of individual participant data from these studies, accepting only population-representative data (17 countries from all world regions). All included studies were cross-sectional surveys of adults aged 18-65 years using the Headache-Attributed Restriction, Disability, Social Handicap and Impaired Participation (HARDSHIP) questionnaire. Algorithmic diagnosis applying modified International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) criteria identified the headache disorders of public-health importance: migraine, TTH and probable MOH (pMOH: the association of headache on ≥ 15 days/month [H15+] and reported medication overuse). Two sets of estimates were made for migraine and TTH, one excluding those with H15+ (standard process), the other including these (extended process). We analysed associations with demographical variables, and, accordingly, adjusted prevalence estimates for age, gender and country income level.
Results: We included 41,614 individuals, with…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 41,614 participants or records.
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