Distinct inflammatory profiles across migraine states: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Background: Although several meta-analyses have emphasised the role of inflammation in migraine, none has accounted for the diversity of its clinical manifestations. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide a comprehensive and reliable assessment of cytokine levels in migraine.
Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane up to July 4-5, 2024. Original studies providing data on cytokine levels in migraine were included. Non-inclusion criteria covered studies on hemiplegic migraine, controls with tension-type headache, and unclear cytokine identification. The meta-analysis did not cover studies involving less than 10 participants per group or lacking accessible numeral data. Summary data were extracted from each study and pooled using a random-effects model. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated to compare cytokine levels across all relevant biological samples and comparison groups.
Findings: Fifty-seven studies were included in the narrative review and/or meta-analysis, covering 2850 migraine patients and 2814 controls. In episodic migraine patients versus controls, blood levels of interleukin-6 (SMD 0·36 [95% CI, 0.07; 0·64], P = 0·013, I²=74·0%), transforming growth factor β (SMD 0·68 [95% CI, 0·44; 0·93], P < 0·001, I²=0·0%) and C-X-C motif ligand 8 (narrative review) were elevated. Levels of interleukin-6 (narrative review; SMD 1·40 [95% CI, 0·95; 1·86], P < 0.001, I²=0·0%) and adiponectin (SMD 0·59 [95% CI, 0·19; 0·98], P…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 2,850 participants or records.
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