The progress and evolutionary direction of menstrual migraine research: a bibliometric analysis from 1994 to 2026
Abstract
Background: Menstrual migraine (MM) is a subtype of migraine that affects approximately 50-60% of female migraine patients and is closely associated with the menstrual cycle. It is characterized by increased disability, longer attack duration, and more challenging treatment compared with other migraine subtypes. Despite its significant impact on quality of life, the pathophysiological mechanisms of MM are not fully understood, and research in this area is growing rapidly.
Objective: This study aims to provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of MM research from 1994 to February 2026, identifying key trends, research hotspots, and influential publications in the field.
Methods: We retrieved articles from the Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed from January 1994 to February 2026. Data analysis and visualization were performed using Microsoft Office Excel 2019, CiteSpace 6.2.R3, and VOSviewer version 1.6.20. The analysis included publication trends, geographical distribution, institutional contributions, author collaboration networks, keyword co-occurrence, and citation analysis.
Results: A total of 1,120 articles were identified. During the study period, the publication volume exhibited a steady upward trend, reaching its peak in 2025 based on the complete annual data from 1994 to 2025. The United States led in publication output (383 articles) and centrality (0.33), followed by Italy (119 articles) and England (82 articles). The University of London (33 articles)…
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