Migraine with Focal Cortical Dysplasia: A Case Report
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Migraine may be associated with structural changes in the brain, including the cerebellum and brainstem. Some of these changes reflect the brain's plasticity in adapting to migraine-related alterations, but others may influence the severity of migraines and resistance to treatment. Some studies report changes in cortical thickness among migraine patients, and focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) has been considered a possible cause of these changes. We argued that FCD could contribute to the development of migraine and the severity of its symptoms. To date, there has been no consistent report of FCD occurring in migraine patients. Case: A 29-year-old woman presented with a history of at least 19 years of high-frequency episodic migraine without aura. She experienced motion sickness during childhood and adolescence. Her condition worsened last year, evolving into chronic migraine, which was partially controlled by medications such as amitriptyline and rizatriptan, leading to high-frequency episodic migraines. An MRI conducted in 2024 showed a small area of signal abnormality in the left occipital lobe, believed to represent cortical dysplasia. A follow-up MRI after three months showed no changes in this area. She is currently diagnosed with high-frequency episodic migraine and demonstrated severe migraine-related disability, with a MIDAS score of 25, and a severe impact on daily functioning, with a HIT-6 score of 65. Conclusions: The case involves a worsening…
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