Migraine and Cardiovascular Risk: A Scoping Review of Vascular Outcomes, Risk Assessment, and Endothelial Dysfunction
Abstract
This scoping review investigates the relationship between migraine and cardiovascular risk, with a specific focus on vascular outcomes, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiovascular risk assessment in adult populations. The purpose of this review is to systematically map and synthesize the existing evidence on how migraine — across its subtypes (episodic, chronic, with and without aura) — intersects with a broad spectrum of vascular and cardiovascular pathologies, as studied in the last decade (2015–2025). The review follows the methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley (2005), as refined by Levac et al. (2010), and adheres to the PRISMA-ScR (Tricco et al., 2018) reporting guidelines. This scoping approach was selected over a traditional systematic review due to the significant clinical and methodological heterogeneity characterizing the field, and its unique suitability for mapping evidence across multiple research domains simultaneously. Eligibility criteria were defined using the PCC framework: Population: Adults (≥18 years) diagnosed with any migraine subtype according to ICHD or established clinical criteria. Concept: Vascular outcomes, endothelial function, cardiovascular risk markers, stroke risk, neuroimaging findings, and neurocognitive profiles. Context: Human clinical studies (cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, and RCTs); English-language publications from 2015 to 2025. Excluded: animal/in vitro models, case reports (n<10), secondary literature, pediatric…
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