Association of temporomandibular disorders and other jaw anomalies in chewing gum users-a systematic review
Abstract
Background: The relationship between chewing gum and the development of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and other jaw anomalies presents a contentious topic within dental and orthodontic research communities. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the available evidence regarding the association of gum chewing with the incidence of TMD and jaw anomalies.
Methods: Adhering to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive review across six electronic databases-PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus and PsycINFO. The studies were chosen based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, with quality and bias assessments performed on each included investigation. Data extraction and synthesis focused on the relationship between gum chewing habits and the occurrence of TMD symptoms.
Results: The review included 8 investigations, yielding mixed outcomes. Some studies within this review indicated no direct causative link between the act of gum chewing and the development of TMD-related symptoms, suggesting that symptoms were transient and subsided with the cessation of gum chewing. Conversely, other research suggested a dose-response relationship where increased frequency and duration of gum chewing were associated with escalated TMD symptoms, such as muscle discomfort and hypertrophy. Notably, several studies highlighted the resilience of jaw musculature to adapt to the stress…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a systematic review, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid.
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