Surveillance of Antimicrobial Utilization Trends in Tertiary Health Care Setting
Abstract
Background: Antibiotics are frequently prescribed for treating infections but often irrationally and inappropriately administered, reducing their efficacy. The concept of "Defined Daily Dose (DDD)" was introduced to standardize antibiotic consumption evaluation.
Objective: To evaluate antimicrobial usage patterns in Community-Acquired Infections (CAIs), Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAIs), Surgical Prophylaxis (SP), Medical Prophylaxis (MP), and Unknown Indications (UIs) in a tertiary care hospital using Daily Define Dose (DDD).Study Design: A prospective cross-sectional study.
Location & Duration: The underlying study was conducted from October 2019 to March 2020 in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.
Methodology: A total of 147 patients were selected through convenience sampling from medical records. Data such as infection type, demographic details, and treatment (empirical/targeted) were collected. The DDD was calculated as a proportion of the therapeutic class.Results: Common diagnoses included pneumonia (14.2%), gastrointestinal disorders (8.84%), and gynecological problems (8.84%), while 14.9% had unknown reasons for admission. CAIs were treated empirically, whereas an equal mix of empirical and targeted therapy was used for HAIs. Third-generation cephalosporins were widely administered for SP, MP, and UIs with DDD values of 41.46, 28.57, and 31.25, respectively.
Conclusion: The current investigation reflects the higher consumption of antimicrobials…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 147 participants or records.
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