Migraine in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence and Emerging Genetic Insights: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Introduction: Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder with recurrent headaches and aura, shaped by both environmental and genetic factors. In Saudi Arabia, rising prevalence contrasts with scarce genetic research. This study systematically reviews local evidence on migraine-related genetic markers and gaps.
Methodology: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA and R-AMSTAR guidelines. An electronic literature search was performed from January 11, 2025 to April 15, 2025. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and MEDLINE (2005– until march 2025) for studies on Genetic Cause of Migraines in KSA. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, with data extracted into Excel; disagreements resolved with discussion.
Results: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, 19 studies were included, of which 3 (15.8%) identified genetic associations with migraine. The pooled migraine prevalence across Saudi in the included studies was 3,643 out of 12,248 participants (39.8%, 95% CI: 28.4%–51.3%, I² = 99.6%, p < 0.001). Genetic subgroup analysis showed a higher migraine prevalence in studies reporting genetic associations (63.5%, 95% CI: 34.4%–92.7%) vs. non-genetic studies (35.6%, p = 0.0814). Family history subgroup analysis revealed significantly increased prevalence among those with a positive family history (62.0% vs. 31.5%, p = 0.0230). Gender-based analysis showed higher rates in female-dominant cohorts (49.4% vs. 32.3%, p =…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 12,248 participants or records.
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