Individual-Level Effects of a Digital Behavioural Treatment for Chronic Pain: Proof-of-Concept of a Single-Case Experimental Design Study
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic pain affects 20%-30% of the population worldwide, leading to significant distress, disability and financial burden. Pain management strategies focusing on pain reduction have shown limited effects on functioning; however, behavioural treatments aimed at enhancing resilience have demonstrated strong empirical support. Digital solutions offer new opportunities for delivering evidence-based treatments, but evaluation at the individual level is needed. The aim of this study is to examine individual-level treatment effects of a digital behavioural treatment for chronic pain in a heterogeneous sample.
METHODS: A study with a single-case experimental design (SCED) was conducted with participants (N = 11) experiencing chronic pain (> 3 months) recruited through healthcare. Participants were randomised at baseline (5-10-day A-phase) and completed a 6-module digital treatment based on learning theory and well-established theories applied to chronic pain (6-8-week B-phase), with weekly therapist contact. Digital diaries, prompted twice daily, tracked psychological flexibility and acceptance, pain-related functioning, pain intensity and well-being. Data were analysed using visual analysis and effect size calculations.
RESULTS: N = 11 enrolled and data from n = 10 were analysed (n = 1 refused digital diary, n = 2 partial completers, n = 8 full completers). Pain profiles varied (e.g., chronic migraine, fibromyalgia, lower back pain, etc.). Several participants…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a randomized trial, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence. Reported size: 11 participants or records.
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