Migraine and Risk of Parkinson Disease in Women: A Cohort Study
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Migraine and Parkinson disease (PD) are common neurologic disorders, which are hypothesized to share some pathophysiologic mechanisms. However, data on the association between migraine and risk of developing PD are sparse. We estimate the effect of migraine, migraine subtypes, and migraine episode frequency on the risk of developing PD in middle-aged and older women.
METHODS: We used data from the Women's Health Study, a United States-based cohort of women in health professions aged 45 years and older at baseline (1992-1995). Only women with complete self-reported information on migraine and headache and no history of PD were included. Participants were followed up for self-reported physician-diagnosed PD through December 31, 2021. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% CIs of the association between migraine, migraine subtypes, and migraine episode frequency and the risk of developing PD.
RESULTS: A total of 39,312 women were included in the analyses. Among those, 7,321 women (18.6%) reported any migraine at baseline, of whom 2,153 (5.5%) reported a history of migraine, 2,057 (5.2%) reported migraine with aura, and 3,111 (7.9%) reported migraine without aura. During a mean follow-up of 22.0 years, 685 PD cases were reported. Of those, 128 (18.7%) were reported by women who also reported any migraine and 557 (81.3%) by women without any migraine. After adjusting for confounding,…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a randomized trial, done in people. Its evidence level is 2 of 5 (High · randomized trial). Randomized trials of a reasonable size are the strongest single-study design. Reported size: 39,312 participants or records.
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