Post-Traumatic Headache in Children and Genetic Risk of Migraine: An Observational Cohort Study
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between genetic risk of migraine and post-traumatic headache (PTH) in children.
METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of a cohort study that recruited children aged 8-17 years within 48 hours of concussion or orthopedic injury (OI) from 5 pediatric emergency departments and followed them for 6 months. Genetic risk of migraine was estimated through (1) family history of migraine, (2) polygenic risk scores (PRSs), and (3) forty individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). PTH was categorized as: no PTH (no PTH), PTH nonmigraine phenotype (PTH-NM), or PTH migraine phenotype. Ordinal regression models with cluster-adjusted standard errors and restricted cubic splines were used to estimate associations between genetic risk of migraine and increasing severity of PTH (no PTH vs PTH-NM vs PTH migraine phenotype), adjusting for injury type (concussion vs OI), age, sex, time since injury, first principal component, deprivation indices, concussion history, and preinjury headache history.
RESULTS: The sample included 646 children (median [interquartile range] age = 12.38 [10.52-14.41] years, including 436 (67.5%) with concussion. Family history of migraine was associated with increasing severity of PTH in 2/5 models (rs7684253 model: χ2 = 3.99, df = 1, p = 0.046; rs75002882 model: χ2 = 4.02, df = 1, p = 0.045), while migraine PRS was not (χ2 = 12.95, df = 12, p = 0.373). Four SNPs were associated with increasing severity of PTH…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cohort study, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence. Reported size: 646 participants or records.
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